World War 1

United States involvement

• U.S. was unable to remain neutral.
• German submarine warfare-sinking of the Lusitania.
• U.S. economic and political ties with Britain.

United States leadership as the war ended

• At the end of World War 1, President Woodrow Wilson prepared a peace plan that called for the formation of the League of Nations, a peacemaking organization.
• The U.S. decided not to join the League of Nations.

Allies

Great Britain

France 

Russia

Serbia

Belgium

Central Powers

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Bulgaria

Ottoman Empire

Spanish American War

Reasons for the war

1. Protection of American business in Cuba.
2. American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain.
3. Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor.
4. Yellow Journalism (exaggerated news reports)

Results of the war

1. The United States emerged as a world power.
2. Cuba gained independence from Spain.
3. The U.S. gained possession of  the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.

The Progressive Movement

Workplace Reforms

1. Improved safety conditions.
2. Reduced work hours.
3. Restrictions on child labor.

Women's Suffrage

1. Increased educational opportunities.
2. Attained voting rights.
3. Gained the right to vote by the 19th Amendment. (Susan B. Anthony)

Temperance Movement

1. Composed of groups opposing the manufacturing and consumption of alcohol.
2. The 18th Amendment made the manufacturing, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages illegal.

Racial Segregation in the South

Jim Crow Laws

• Passed to discriminate against African Americans.
• They made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states.
• Characterized by unequal opportunity in housing, work, government, and education.

African American Response

• Booker T. Washington- equality through vocational education and accepted segregation.
• W.E.B. Du Bois- equality through full civil, political, and social rights for African Americans.

Big Business

Reasons for big business prosperity.

1. National markets created by transportation advances.
2. Captains of industry. (John D. Rockefeller- oil, Andrew Carnegie- steel, and Henry Ford- Automobile)
3. Advertising.
4. Lower-cost production.

Factors for growth.

1. Access to raw materials and energy.
2. Availability of a work force.
3. Inventions.
4. Financial resources.

Examples.

1. Railroad
2. Oil
3. Steel

Postwar changes in farm and city life.

• Mechanization
• Industrial development
• Access to more consumer goods due to mail-order

Industrial and City Development

Reasons why cities developed.

1. Specialized industries.
2. Immigration.
3. The Great Migration of African Americans to the cities.
   

Challenges faced by cities.

1. Tenements and Ghetto.
2. Political Corruption (political machine)

Inventions that contributed to the growth of industry.

1. Lightning and mechanical use of electricity. (Thomas Edison)
2. Telephone service (Alexander Graham Bell) 

Negative Effects of Industrialization

1. Child labor
2. Low wages, long hours
3. Unsafe working conditions

Rise of organized labor

• The formation of unions- American Federation of Labor
• Strikes- Homestead Strik

Conflicts between cultures.

1. Reservations.
2. Little big horn
3. Chief Joseph
4. Discrimination against Chinese and Irish immigrants.

Westward Expansion

REASONS

1. Opportunities for land ownership.
2. Technological advances including the Transcontinental Railroad.
3. Possibility of gold and silver.
4. Adventure.

Immigration

Reasons for increased immigration.

1. Hope for better opportunities.
2. Religious freedom.
3. Escape from oppressive government.
4. Adventure.

Immigration related topics

• Settlement houses.
• Jane Addams-Hull House.
• Political machines giving perks for immigrant votes. 

Manufacturing Areas

Examples of manufacturing areas.

1. Textile-New England
2. Automobile-Detroit
3. Meat-Chicago
4. Steel-Pittsburgh

Great Plains

Climate of the Great Plains.

Low rainfall, eroded land, dust storms, flat.

Inventions of the Great Plains.

Barbed wire, Steel plows, Dry farming,

 Sod houses, Beef cattle raising,

Wheat farming, and Windmills.

Important Cities

Northeast: New York, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, and Boston.

Southeast: Washington D.C., Atlanta, and New Orleans.

Midwest: Chicago, St. Louis, and Detroit.

Southwest: Santa Fe, San Antonio.

West: Denver, Salt lake City.

Pacific: San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Seattle.

Noncontiguous: Juneau, Honolulu.

 

States Grouped by Regions

Northeast: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

Southeast: Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, south Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, and Arkansas.

Midwest: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota.

Southwest: Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Rock Mountains: Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho.

Pacific: Washington, Oregon, and California.

Noncontiguous: Alaska and Hawaii